The Sea

61. Sea, ever-lying,
salt, Ægir (ocean), waters,
wetness, briny, calm waters,
dead calm and wave,
resounding, high sea, main,
murmurer, rocker and mere,
sucking, pounding surf, same,
whirlpool, stream and fjord.

62. Sound, inlet, fair faring,
far-sounding and wide expanse,
tempest, home of fishes, breaker,
dusky, flood and surf,
swell, dazzler,
Gymir (engulfer) and flower,
rumbling and restless,
surge, pool, snatcher.

63. Crashing, wake, league,
fishing ground, tidal bay and fishing bank,
water, deep and plunge,
bay, tarn and ditch,
tumult, canal, trout-hole,
stream, rivulet and beck,
channel, well, wellspring,
eddy, torrent and firth.

64. Hefring10 (heaving), roller,
whitecap and shoals,
Hrönn (casting-up wave), Rán (plunderer), Kölga (cold one)
and Himinglæva (heaven-gleam),
Dröfn (comber), Uðr (wave) and sweller,
Dúfa (deep), Bylgja (billow),
shoal-breaker and wind-wave,
Blóðughadda (bloody-haired).

Rivers

65. Gjöll* (noisy), Glit (glitter), Gera (greedy),
Glóð (glowing) and Valskjálf (carrion shelf)
Ván (hope), Víð* (wide), Vimur,
Ving (meadow?) and Ouse,
Síð (low), South, Freka (demanding),
Sækin (pushy), Einstika (lone-progressing)
Elbe, Rye, Oykill,
Ekin (driven), Rennandi (running).

66. Tyne*,11 Rhine and Nith,
Thuil, Rimr (rime?), Ysja (bustler),
Don, Ógn (water), Dýna (bog),
Dyn (thunderer), Höllfara (slopping course),
Órun and Brora,
Auðskjálg (easily crossed), Ludd,
Mun (delight), Merkriða (remarkably shaking),
Mein, Saxon Elbe.

67. Tiber, Durn (sluggish), Dvina,
Thames, Vönd (difficult) and Strand,
Marne, Móða (broads), Þrym (noise),
Morn (murrain) and Gotha-Elbe,
Alne, Uðr (wave), Ólga (swell)
and Euphrates,
Ógn (dread), Eiðrennir (isthmus-runner)
and Aberdeen.

68. Rögn, Hrönn (wave) and Raun (test),
Raum-Elbe, Hnipul (drooper),
Hnöpul, Hjálmunlá (helm-shoal),
Humber, Dvina,
Vil (trouble), Vín (wine), Vella (welling),
Valin (respectable?), Semð, Salin (salty?),
Dneipr, Drammen, Strauma (torrent),
Nissan, Mynt (mouthed), Gnapa (jutting).

69. Gilling (resounding) and Nile,
Ganges, Tweed,
Luma, Vervaða,
Loire and Gunnþró* (battle trough),
Iðsvöl* (ever-cold),12 Vegsvinn (way-swift)*,
Yn, Þjóðmuna*,13
Fjörm* (hurrying), Strand and Spey,
and Fimbulþul* (great roaring).

70. Nyt (milk), Hrönn (wave) and Nauð,
Nöt (wet), Slíðr* (punishment) and Hríð* (snow-storm),
Körmt, Leiftr* (lightning) and Armet,
the two Kerlaugs (baths),
Gömul (old), Sylgr* (swallower) and Inn
and Geirvimul (spear-swarming),
Ylgr* (she-wolf), Vöð (ford) and Flóð (flood),
the Jordan comes last.

Fish

71. Salmon and ling
hake, cusk,
sea-trout, milter salmon,
perch and kelt,
lobster, lumpsucker,
milter, halibut,
mackerel, salmon-trout
and gurnard.14

72. Silt, pollock, skate,
herring, brown trout and redfish,
codfish and houting,
carp, flounder,
fluke, sturgeon
and sea-scorpion,
mackerel shark, catfish
and Greenland shark.

73. Sea dragon, miller's thumb
and prawn,
lobster,15 sand-flounder
and gar pike,
sea scorpion, turbot
and rock crab,
sillung-trout, shellfish,
swordfish and pollack.

74. Codling, coal-fish,
cod, strap-fish,
groundling, pike,
gill-fish, long cod,
eel and carp,
crab, garfish,
dogfish and moonfish,
minnow, sea-urchin.

Whales

75. Buck-whale, pike-whale
and dugong,
dolphin, sea-monster
and porpoises,
ruddy whale, ruddy whale calf,
sperm whale, walrus
and nordcaper.

76. Greenland whale, cow-whale,
narwhal and pilot whale,
humpback, fin-whale
and jut-whale,
bowhead whale, orca
and sei whale,
horse-whale, bottlenose whale,
minke whale and grampus.

A Ship

77. Now I will expound
on heiti for ships:
ark, oar-clutch,
ash, Sessrúmnir (roomy-seated),16
racing warship, cutter, ship
and Skíðblaðnir,17
nave, Naglfari,18
rowboat, smack.

78. Freighter, merchant ship,
bow-cold and reindeer,
ridgeback, thole-strap-fixed
hoary-prow,
cruiser, boat and pinnace,
brig, Hringhorni (ringhorn), 19
craft, keel, longship,
Leifnir,20 galley.

79. Ring, Gnóð, Freki (greedy),
fast, Móðrói (mind-stillness),
thole-strapped, beaked
and deep-beater,
owl, lighter
and ash-wittol,
skiff, long-boat,
cat-boat, conveyance and canoe. 21

80. Knarr, cog, knuckleboat,
coble, dug-out,
dragonship, Elliði (high-poop),
warship and scow,
fir, steed, galiot,
ferry, punt,
swiftflyer, flyer and delight,
frequent-traveler and host-carrier.

[10. Rán is also a goddess’ name; Hefring, Hrönn (also in verse 59), Kólga, Himinglæva, Dröfn, Uðr, Dúfa, Bylgja, and Blóðughadda are also the names of her and Ægir's (or the giant Hlér's) 9 daughters.

11. One of the rivers that come out of the Elivögur. Also 10 others, all indicated by asterisks. Gunnþró is likely Gunnthrá and Iðsvöl is likely Svöl.

12. Or Víðsvöl, "wide-cold."

13. Or Þjóðnuma, "great container."

14. Andvari is also the name of the dwarf who curses the gold.

15. Following Cleasby-Vigfusson in seeing hamerr as error for humerr.

16. Askr is also the name of the first man (Gylfaginning 9), and Sessrúmnir of Freyja’s hall (Gylfaginning 24).

17. Freyr’s ship.

18. The ship that brings the Sons of Múspell at Ragnarök.

19. Baldr’s ship.

20. A sea-king’s name – see verse 4.

21. Also means a leather sheath, so presumably a skin canoe.]

 




Viðauki I.
Nafnaþulur

Sær.

61. Sær, sílægja,
salt, ægir, haf,
lögr, sumr, lægir,
lagastafr ok vágr,
gjallr, gnap, geimi,
gnarr, svífr ok marr,
súgr, sog, sami,
svelgr, röst ok fjörðr.

62. Sund, ögr, velfærr,
simi ok víðir,
hríð, ver, breki,
húm, flóð ok brim,
græðir, glýjuðr,
gymir ok vægir,
gniðr ok órór,
gjálfr, fen, snapi.

63. Gnat, vörr, vika,
vöst, hóp ok mið,
vatn, djúp ok kaf,
vík, tjörn ok sík,
stormr, díki, hylr,
straumr, lækr ok bekkr,
áll, bruðr, kelda,
iða, fors ok kíll.

64. Hefring, alda,
hvíting ok lá,
hrönn, rán, kólga
ok himinglæva,
dröfn, uðr ok sólmr,
dúfa, bylgja,
boði ok bára,
blóðughadda.

Ár.

65. Gjöll, glit, gera,
glóð ok valskjálf,
ván, víð, vimur,
ving ok ýsa,
síð, suðr, freka,
sækin, einstika,
elfr, ró, ekla,
ekin, rennandi.

66. Þyn, rín ok nið,
þöll, rimr, ysja,
dun, ógn, dýna,
dyn, höllfara,
órun ok brá,
auðskjálg, lodda,
mun, merkriða,
mein, saxelfr.

67. Tífr, durn, vína,
tems, vönd ok strönd,
mörn, móða, þrym,
morn ok gautelfr,
alin, uðr, ólga
ok evfrátes,
ógn, eiðrennir
ok apardjón.

68. Rögn, hrönn ok raun,
raumelfr, hnipul,
hnöpul, hjálmunlá,
humra, vína,
vil, vín, vella,
valin, semð, salin,
nepr, dröfn, strauma,
nis, mynt, gnapa.

69. Gilling ok níl,
ganges, tvedda,
luma, vervaða,
leira ok gunnþró,
iðsvöl, vegsvinn,
yn, þjóðmuna,
fjörm, strönd ok spé
ok fimbulþul.

70. Nyt, hrönn ok nauð,
nöt, slíðr ok hríð,
körmt, leiftr ok örmt,
kerlaugar tvær,
gömul, sylgr ok yn
ok geirvimul,
ylgr, vöð ok flóð,
jórdán er á lesti.

Fiskar.

71. Lax ok langa
lýsa, brosma,
birtingr, hæingr,
bust ok hrygna,
humarr, hrognkelsi,
hveðnir, flóki,
ölunn, aurriði
ok andvari.

72. Síld, seiðr, skata,
síl, reyðr ok öggr,
skreiðungr ok síkr,
skálgi, flyðra,
fyldingr, styrja
ok fuðryskill,
hámerr, steinbítr
ok háskerðingr.

73. Fjörsungr, þrömmungr
ok fengrani,
hamarr, sandhverfa
ok horngæla,
marknútr, glömmungr
ok marþvara,
sílungr, skelfiskr,
sverðfiskr ok lýr.

74. Þyrsklingr, ufsi,
þorskr, vartari,
grunnungr, gedda,
gjölnir, keila,
áll ok karfi,
krabbi, geirsíl,
hár ok goðlax,
hornsíl, igull.

Hvalir.

75. Hafrhvalr, geirhvalr
ok hafgufa,
hnísa, hafstrambr
ok hnýðingar,
reyðr, reyðarkálfr,
búrungr, rostungr
ok blæjuhvalr.

76. Norðhvalr, kýrhvalr,
náhvalr ok leiftr,
skeljungr, fiskreki
ok skútuhvalr,
sléttibaka, skjaldhvalrv ok sandlægja,
hrosshvalr, andhvalr,
hrafnreyðr ok vögn.

Skip.

77. Nú mun ek skýra
of skipa heiti:
örk, árakló,
askr, sessrúmnir,v skeið, skúta, skip
ok skíðblaðnir,
nór, naglfari,
nökkvi, snekkja.

78. Byrðingr, búza,
barðkaldr ok hreinn,
bakki, hömlungr,
hélugbarði,
röst, bátr ok regg,
röð, hringhornir,
lung, kjóll, langskip,
leifnir, karfi.

79. Hringr, gnóð, freki,
hrauð, móðrói,
hemlir, barði
ok hylbauti,
ugla, leðja
ok askvitull,
kæna, ketla,
kati, reið ok skálpr.

80. Knörr, kuggr, knúi,
keipull, eikja,
dreki, elliði,
drómundr ok prámr,
fura, vigg, galeið,
ferja, skálda,
fley, flaust ok þekkr,
fartíðr ok lið.

 




















 


     
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